Talks to Watch

How are Microchips Made? 🖥️🛠️ CPU Manufacturing Process Steps

11.9M views · May 17, 2024 · 27:48 · 2 HN recommenders · 4 mentions · discussed 2024–2025

Branch Education walks through a semiconductor fab and the dozens of steps used to turn silicon wafers into microchips, with 3D animation. It covers lithography, deposition and etching at a high level.

Why Hacker News points people here: Pointed to as a clear visual reference for chip manufacturing steps.

“the Branch Education YouTube channel has great videos detailing the manufacturing process as well”HN comment, 2025

What Hacker News said 4

Recommendsthrowaway31131Jun 2025

“Great channel”

Related video from the same channel while waiting for lithography one

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In the description they say a video on lithography is on the way. In the mean time maybe this one from the same channel: this video Great channel

in “How Are Transistors Assembled Inside a CPU? [video]” · view on HN
Recommendsitopaloglu83Nov 2025

“the Branch Education YouTube channel has great videos detailing the manufacturing process as well”

Channel with great videos on semiconductor manufacturing process

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Just to add to this, the Branch Education YouTube channel has great videos detailing the manufacturing process as well, here's one for starters: this video

in ““One Student One Chip” Course Homepage” · view on HN
Cites itepoxiaAug 2024

“A single chip would go through a photo-lithography tool about 80 times.”

Cited as source for chip fabrication process figures

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The graphic from the OIST in the link makes reference to both the reduced power needed and reduced capital costs, less mirrors & cheaper EUV light source. Also, less power -> less heat -> less cooling. I scoured for some other info as well: A single chip would go through a photo-lithography tool about 80 times. A photo-lithography tool can work on approx. 125 wafers per hour (5 FOUPS). A wafer contains ~230 chips. Current EUV light source requires a 20kw carbon laser. this video link

in “Japan on edge of EUV lithography chip-making revolution” · view on HN
Cites itKyeNov 2025

“A video showing those steps, for the curious”

Shows the manufacturing steps, though not identical to TSMC's

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A video showing those steps, for the curious: this video It's probably not 100% identical to TSMC's process.

in “TSMC Arizona outage saw fab halt, Apple wafers scrapped” · view on HN