Khalil Estell's CppCon 2024 talk argues C++ exceptions can reduce binary size in firmware. He digs into how exceptions work and how to shrink their code footprint on embedded platforms.
Why Hacker News points people here: Pointed to as the in-depth talk on exception mechanics and code size for embedded C++.
“In particular, his 2019 presentation [2] describes different error handling techniques”HN comment, 2025
“the whole presentation was excellent in my opinion”
Deep dive into exception mechanics and code size
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> I don't have enough time to watch these kinds of presentations. Then let me pick and share some of my favorites that I found enlightening, and summarize with some information that I found useful. By far, the most useful one is Khalil Estell's presentation last year [0]. It's a fairly face paced but relatively deep dive into exception mechanics. At the end, he advocates for a new tool that would audit a program to determine what exceptions could be thrown. I think that's a flipping fantastic idea for a tool. Unfortunately I haven't seen any progress toward it -- if someone here knows where his tool is, or a similar tool, please reply! I did send him an email a few months ago inquiring about it, but haven't received a reply. Nonetheless, the whole presentation was excellent in my opinion. I did see that he had another related presentation at ACCU this year [4] with a topic of "C++ Exceptions are Code Compression" (which I totally can believe -- I've seen it myself in binary sizes), but I haven't seen his presentation yet. I'll watch it later today. Just about anything from Herb Sutter is good. I don't like that he works for Microsoft, but he does great stuff for C++, including the old Guru of the Week series [1]. In particular, his 2019 presentation [2] describes different error handling techniques, some difficulties and pitfalls in combining libraries with different error handling techniques, and leads up to explaining why std::expected came about. He does pontificate a lot
RecommendsbluGillFeb 2025
“Khalil Estell has some great work on that.”
Low-level technical look at how exceptions really work
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Khalil Estell has some great work on that. this video is one link - very low level technical of what is really happening. He has other talks and papers if you search his name.
RecommendsmpyneSep 2025
“A specific presentation I'd point to is Khalil Estell's presentation on reducing exception code size on embedded platforms”
Reducing exception code size on embedded platforms
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A specific presentation I'd point to is Khalil Estell's presentation on reducing exception code size on embedded platforms at this video But honestly you'd get vast majority of the benefit just by skimming through the slides at link With a couple of symbols you define yourself a lot of the associated g++ code size is sharply reduced while still allowing exceptions to work. (Slide 60 on)
Recommendsneonz80Nov 2025
“There was an interesting talk about C++ exceptions in smaller firmware at CppCon last year”
Exception overhead likely less than manual error handling
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There was an interesting talk about C++ exceptions in smaller firmware at CppCon last year: this video Basically, the overhead of exceptions is probably less than handling the same errors manually in any non-trivial program. Also, it's not like these table doesn't exist in other languages. Both Rust and Go have to unwind.
RecommendsdaeminMar 2026
“he mentions that a lot of the bloat in exception handling is including printf”
Explains bloat in exception handling for bare metal
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I just thought I'd mention that Khalil Estell is doing some work regarding exceptions in embedded and bare metal programming. In the first of his talks about this topic ( this video ) he mentions that a lot of the bloat in exception handling is including printf in order to print out the message when terminating the program. For those interested he has another presentation on this topic link
Cites itinetknghtSep 2025
Notes a later talk is a rehash of this one
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Update: it looks like link [4] is just a rehash of his talk from last year's cppcon [0]. [0]: this video [4]: link
Cites itvodouDec 2025
Listed alongside the ACCU talk on exceptions and code size
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Need to check it out. I guess you mean these: - C++ Exceptions Reduce Firmware Code Size, ACCU [1] - C++ Exceptions for Smaller Firmware, CppCon [2] [1]: link [2]: this video
