Talks to Watch

Alan Kay - Normal Considered Harmful

60K views · Mar 25, 2012 · 1:07:26 · 10 HN recommenders · 20 mentions · discussed 2012–2026

Alan Kay's 2009 UIUC talk arguing that computing is more a pop culture than a science and that ignoring history and fundamentals leads to inferior solutions. He touches on the history of interactive environments and what the web should have been.

Why Hacker News points people here: A staple on must-watch lists, recommended as a starting point for Kay's thinking and for why software is often poor and ahistorical.

“his talk 'Normal Considered Harmful' in particular is worth a look as it pretty much goes straight to the heart of the issue”HN comment, 2023

What Hacker News said 20

Strongly recommendsbluetomcatFeb 2017

“Normal Considered Harmful" by Alan Kay”

Listed as a must-watch talk

Full comment

"The Mess We're In" by Joe Armstrong: link "Normal Considered Harmful" by Alan Kay: this video

in “Ask HN: What are some 'must watch' talks?” · view on HN
Strongly recommendsmorphleSep 2022

“De second most important thing would be half of Alan Kay's lectures”

Second most important thing to see after Feynman

Full comment

Richard Feynman is the best teacher we know (explaining electricity): link He also explains seeing, heat, electro magnetism, elasticity and mirrors among other things. His academic lectures are just as good but too long and hard for laymen to follow. - Every time I switch on an electrical device I hear Feynman say 'Zzzzinggg' and I see the copper bars jiggling across town. - Every time I see a cup of hot liquid I hear Feynman say "jiggling atoms" - Watch his hands and fingers telling the more accurate science story, simulating the electrons and atoms. - I would say that this the most important video to see for any human being on the planet. De second most important thing would be half of Alan Kay's lectures this video Great video's to watch with your kids! (from 3-4 years and older).

in “How Transistors Work [video]” · view on HN
RecommendscturnerJun 2012

“You might find this entertaining”

Kay says computing is more pop-culture than science

Full comment

You might find this entertaining - I'm watching a speech by Alan Kay at the moment where he says that computing is more pop-culture than science: this video

in “Meebo discontinued: shutting down on July 11, 2012” · view on HN
RecommendsagentultraSep 2012

“Alan Kay does a far better job than I can in explaining some of this history”

Kay explains history of interactive programming environments

Full comment

I think Mr. Granger should refrain from using inaccurate remarks about the history of programming. Light Table is neat but it is not the first attempt at an interactive development environment. His ideas were quite common 30+ years ago (20 years ago would have been right about the time when this style of programming started falling out of vogue). Alan Kay does a far better job than I can in explaining some of this history: this video Update I wasn't being terribly fair. Granger might simply not have been aware. In that case I hope he sees my comment and watches the above video. :)

in “Light Table - Embracing Abstraction” · view on HN
RecommendskonstruktorOct 2013

“want to force automotive engineers to watch some Alan Kay talks”

Ignoring history and basics leads to inferior solutions

Full comment

Very well said. The focus on convenience and cool features over safety makes me really sad, and want to force automotive engineers to watch some Alan Kay talks. He loves to talk how people who don't know the history and basics of their craft will arrive at inferior solutions, for example in this one: this video

in “Toyota's firmware: Bad design and its consequences” · view on HN
RecommendsMichaelAOJul 2018

“Alan Kay's 'Normal Considered Harmful' is a good place to start”

Good starting point on computing in general

Full comment

Alan Kay's 'Normal Considered Harmful' is a good place to start (more about computing in general): this video

in “Ask HN: Where can one learn about the history of the internet and the protocols?” · view on HN
RecommendsskadamatOct 2018

“watch the first 20 mins of this talk”

Kay on computing not being a real field and forgetting pioneers

Full comment

It's funny you say that. This is something Alan Kay talks about at length. For example, watch the first 20 mins of this talk - this video Essentially, he asserts that computing (or computer science even) isn't a real field (like biology or physics). Most people can't name the early computing pioneers whose work they build on (not true in Physics or Biology, we celebrate the pioneers) nor are they familiar with the work that was done in the Xerox PARC days. It's gotten so bad that a lot of computer science research just assumes that what we have now is what's going to remain forever. In the 70's, all kinds of interesting ideas and experiments were tried. Hardware implemented VM's, direct manipulation programming, OS-free computing environments, highly re-configurable computing a la FPGA's, and hundreds more. Nowadays, we think that creating custom ASIC to run machine learning algorithms quicker is innovative and novel. All this to say that many of the ideas in Dynamicland aren't new. They're rooted in ideas that are decades old. If you look at Bret's papers he uses as references frequently, you'll notice how many of them are over 10 years old - link

in “Dynamicland: The Next Big Thing Is a Room” · view on HN
Recommendsj-pbNov 2021

“this might be a good philosophical starter”

Good philosophical starter on Kay's thinking

Full comment

Definitely! Although I'm not sure if Morphic[1] is the way forward for UX on the web, despite it only being 10kloc. XD [Anybody stumbling upon this comment, and wondering what Alan Kay is/was up to, this might be a good philosophical starter: this video ] 1. link

in “What memory model should Rust use?” · view on HN
RecommendslogicalshiftFeb 2023

“his talk 'Normal Considered Harmful' in particular is worth a look as it pretty much goes straight to the heart of the issue”

Goes to the heart of why software is unreliable

Full comment

Alan Kay has done a few lectures about exactly this phenomenon: his talk 'Normal Considered Harmful' in particular is worth a look as it pretty much goes straight to the heart of the issue: this video

in “Why is there so much useless and unreliable software?” · view on HN
RecommendsjjuranNov 2025

“I do appreciate Alan Kay's thinking, in particular his talk "Normal Considered Harmful”

Commenter appreciates Kay's thinking

Full comment

If you're okay with a System 6 appearance, I've already made one < link >, for Advanced Mac Substitute < link >. I do appreciate Alan Kay's thinking, in particular his talk "Normal Considered Harmful" < this video > My own high-level language, Varyx, has somewhat LISPy internals and is very dynamic — for example, you can annotate a variable with a type that's determined only at run time — and has an eval() that insulates the caller from the payload and vice versa. You can sequester mutable state within a closure, which can't be cracked open. Using an experimental Varyx build with some bindings for Apple's Core Graphics API, I wrote a script that rendered an arrow cursor (which I donated to the ravynOS project). Perhaps we should talk. :-)

in “New OS aims to provide (some) compatibility with macOS” · view on HN
RecommendsmorphleFeb 2026

“Alan Kay, the inventor of personal computing, explains why”

Kay explains why the web and HTML are a broken wheel

Full comment

You can't fix a broken wheel. This web link post, the original NEXT webbrowser, tries to celebrate and revive the reinvention of the broken wheel. The World Wide Web, browser and html standards are a very broken wheel. Alan Kay, the inventor of personal computing, explains why: this video Some of the comments of youtube are fun too. This lecture Alan aimed at this particular audience, the computer science (programming) students at University of Illinois, where they programmed the second browser, the second broken wheel 20 years after Alan and Dan had showed them how do do it better. Dan Ingalls implemented most of Alan Kay's invention of the personal computer, in the following demo's he shows how to fix the webbrowser's broken wheel a bit. The Lively Kernel would be another way to fix html but retain the web. Two demos says it all: link link Their Squeak, Etoys and Croquet fixed it completely: Early Croquet demo: link Croquet in webbrowser: link Demo of webbrowser replacement: link Squeak and all its predecessors: link Etoys: link

in “CERN rebuilt the original browser from 1989” · view on HN
Cites itgrnSep 2012

“he pointed out that the people in the 90s ignored the work and experience of the past generations of programmers”

Kay on 90s ignoring past generations' work and criticizing the Web

Full comment

Similar claim was made by Alan Kay in his lecture Normal Considered Harmful [1]. However he didn't complain about lower barriers to entry. Instead he pointed out that the people in the 90s ignored the work and experience of the past generations of programmers. He especially criticized the Web. [1] this video

in “The Programmers Before Us Were Better” · view on HN
Cites ittnorgaardApr 2016

“this was what Alan Kay was advocating for on the web”

Kay advocated a bytecode VM for the web

Full comment

Interestingly, this was what Alan Kay was advocating for on the web: "A bytecode VM og something like X for graphics" [1]. When Lars Bak and Kasper Lund launched Dart [2], I found it sad that they weren't more bold - left CSS and the DOM alone, and created an alternative Content-Type. So you can choose to Accept 'application/magic-bytecode' [3] before text/html, if your client supports so. Sadly, we ended up with Web Assembly, which by the few talks I've seen, appears to only cater to that of graphic/game developers, with no support for dynamic or OO languages. [1] this video [2] link [3] Or in Dart lingo, a VM snapshot.

in “The average size of Web pages is now the average size of a Doom install” · view on HN
Cites itarmitronJul 2016

Listed among masters' references

Full comment

This is obviously entirely false if one takes "genius" to mean someone who does things a non-genius would not be able to do. There have been attempts in recent years to roll back and debase the definition of genius to be more compatible with egalitarianism (especially in parts of Europe) and the tenet of homogeneity but this is not what genius originally stood for. Fabian Tasano writes: "Regarding the version of “genius” that is currently in retreat but still occasionally used: many people seem to have a simplistic idea of what it takes to be one. According to one popular model, all that is required is an increase in the magnitude of certain qualities which everyone already possesses in some measure. Make the particular qualities pronounced enough, and you get to genius. But a better way to understand the concept — assuming we’re applying the word to (say) Gauss or Picasso, rather than John Cleese or Wayne Rooney — may be that a genius has a particular capacity, which on a certain level can seem obvious or unremarkable, but which no one else has. A genius, on this understanding, is a person uniquely capable of making a leap ‘off the path’. With hindsight the leap may seem simple or obvious, but at the time no one else was, apparently, capable of making it. A potential leap of this kind is made possible by preceding leaps. Nevertheless its actual occurrence may go on not happening for decades. During that time there may be clear pointers towards it. Yet it is not until a geniu

in “Pack Hunters of the Silicon Savannas” · view on HN
Cites itavindrothAug 2016

Cited in support of Kay's logic

Full comment

Of course not. I am in undergrad. But I think Alan Kay has been "exposed" to computer science, and I follow his logic, based on my limited scope of knowledge. this video

Cites itarmitronMay 2017

Cited as a reference from the masters

Full comment

You're all over the place here and your arguments make no sense whatsoever when examined. First, you conflate mass-appeal with some sort of objective "better" criterion which is of course bonkers. To use one of your own examples against you, there are hundreds of thousands of Java monkeys out there that are using glue other people made to tie together rocks to build stonewalls. Which do fail as soon as the weather stops being nice. Security (you should look into Java deserialization bugs), reliability, performance what do they know about any of these things? Second, you conflate late-binding as present in Lisp and Smalltalk with late-binding present in other dynamic languages. The two are not equivalent, a perfect example of the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Lisp and Smalltalk will never become popular (read my previous comment), but that does not mean that they do not sit on an apex and still have a lot to give. To anyone interested in the "craft of programming", "the Art", there is nothing better period. Here are some references for you, from the masters themselves: [1] link [2] link [3] this video

in “Lisp, Smalltalk, and the Power of Symmetry (2014)” · view on HN
Cites it0xdeadbeefbabeJun 2017

“Maybe it's "pop culture" like this cranky old guy says”

Kay calls computing a pop culture

Full comment

> as in other fields Well maybe it isn't a field after all. Maybe it's "pop culture" like this cranky old guy says this video .

in “JavaScript Fatigue or My History with Web Development” · view on HN
Cites itjhgbJul 2021

“Found in comments to”

Anecdote found in the video's comments

Full comment

I love the function call timing story: > The iAPX 432 failure could best be summed up by a meeting of Intel marketroids and Tandem engineers who wanted to use the chip in their next generation machine, after the slides, the senior engineer asked: “How long does it take to execute a procedure call?” > The presenter looked it up. “Two hundred and fifty microseconds.” > Tom immediately walked out, followed by the majority of the Tandem software department. The presenter was poleaxed. “What did I say?” Found in comments to this video , but I saw it somewhere else, too, I just don't recall where. Doesn't anyone know?

Cites itjocaalMay 2023

“There is a talk from Alan Kay[1] where he says the web should've been like an operating system kernel from the start”

Kay says web should have been like an OS kernel

Full comment

I hope the time spent was worth learning something new :). I think having new languages have access to the dom can have huge benefits to end users but as you said, the initial indicators aren't looking good. It seems that there isn't a general consensus on how the web should be handled as a target platform. There is a talk from Alan Kay[1] where he says the web should've been like an operating system kernel from the start (if you want the juicy part it is at 23:45). The fact that both the inital users of this tech, after unlocking these new abilities, opted to use it to increase performance for canvas, instead of trying to create real web experiences leads me to think that those developers share his viewpoint. [1] this video

in “WebAssembly: A new development paradigm for the web” · view on HN
Cites itjocaalOct 2023

“A change of perspective is worth 80 IQ points" - Alan Kay”

Source of the quote about perspective and IQ points

Full comment

"A change of perspective is worth 80 IQ points" - Alan Kay He said that in a video "nornal considered harmful" that you can find on Youtube[1]. He talks about it at 34:29 [1] this video

in “Autism and Responding to Authority” · view on HN