"Agility & Robustness: Clojure spec" by Stuart Halloway

There have been some fantastic conversations on Hacker News about type systems. I've learned a lot about the different arguments for dynamic typing, versus strict typing, versus gradual typing. Java's type system may or may not have represented new thinking when it was under development in the early 1990s, but it certainly seems a bit dated in the year 2016. The limits of the Java type system have been discussed both here on HackerNews and also elsewhere, many times. For those who want to consider arguments against Java's style of strict typing, 2 things I would recommend include "Agility & Robustness: Clojure spec, by Stuart Halloway": this video He offers a chart that shows the strengths and weaknesses of strict typing versus unit tests versus the run-time checks offered by Spec. It's worth a look. The discussions around gradual typing have been interesting, but to see how far the limits of this can be pushed, I would suggest everyone check out the Qi/Shen programming language: link "Qi makes use of the logical notation of sequent calculus to define types. This type notation, under Qi’s interpretation, is actually a Turing complete language in its own right. This notation allows Qi to assign extensible type systems to Common Lisp libraries and is thought of as an extremely powerful feature of the language." This next quote is from someone who has spent a long time experimenting with different Lisps: "Qi (and its successor Shen) really push the limits of what we might call a

..... you realise clojure has one of the most powerful ways to 'type' your language? Like 100x more powerful than the typescript or whatever type language you are using now ;p this video