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Generally: unbinding the leaves of a book so that they can be more easily handled by a scanner, often including an automated feeder. The simplest method is to simply cut off the binding (a powered paper cutter can do this in an instant). The alternative is nondestructive scanning, where the binding and publication as a whole remain intact. This is typically performed using flatbed scanners, angled scanners (the book is either face up or face down on a scanning bed which typically forms a ~90 degree angle), automated feeders which incorporate page turning (via numerous methods), or face-up scanning with digital deconvolution of page distortions. Higher speed presents higher risks of both poor / missed scans, and damaging original materials. Methods should be tuned to the materials, their intrinsic value and/or uniqueness, and end goals. See: link There are numerous book-scanning projects with YouTube videos of their methods. Typical rates range from ~300 -- 3,000 pages/hour, with 1,000 pp/hr being a good middling rate. DIY 1,000 pp/h link link Commercial, manual page turning: link 3,000 pp/h vacuum page turning link ... capable of managing very thick volumes: link Google fully automated linear scanbot: this video Face-up, no-platten, with deconvolution: link